4 10 40 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/919d65fce9e8f33328adc49703e2bec2.jpg cbab4a0d282379255e0a6418607ceb9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 22 x 24 in. (55.88 x 60.96 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial (reduced version) (Claremont, California) Subject The topic of the resource <subject topic="" br=""></subject>Antislavery movements--United States California--Claremont Freedom Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saar, Alison, 1956- Description An account of the resource The sculptor Alison Saar created this smaller version of Harriet Tubman based on the full-scale Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial in New York City. Tubman is shown in motion, striding forward with one hand clasping the strap of her shoulder bag. From the side, she is shown pulling away from the gnarled, root-like branches that appear to symbolize her breaking free from bondage. Her facial expression is calm and resolute. She wears a buttoned, long-sleeved shirt and a long skirt, the surface of which is adorned with small raised faces, manacles, and other symbolic elements. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.scrippscollege.edu/news/releases/scripps-college-to-dedicate-sculpture-of-harriet-tubman-for-new-sculpture-garden" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scripps College</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 10, 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Installation made possible with gifts from Jacqueline Avant, Carol Vernon, and Robert Turbin Extent The size or duration of the resource. 22 x 24 in. (55.88 x 60.96 cm) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Scripps College, 1030 Columbia Avenue, Claremont, California, 91711, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bixby Court, Ruth Chandler Williamson Gallery, 251 E 11 Street, Claremont, California, 91711, United States Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Stone Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. News Releases. "Scripps College Dedicates Sculpture of Harriet Tubman for New Sculpture Garden." News. Scripps College. Accessed April 1, 2018. http://www.scrippscollege.edu/news/releases/scripps-college-to-dedicate-sculpture-of-harriet-tubman-for-new-sculpture-garden. Video. "Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Sculpture Dedication." Scripps College. Accessed April 1, 2018. <http://rcwg.scrippscollege.edu/blog/2010/03/10/swing-low-harriet-tubman-sculpture-dedication/. "Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial: Installed in College's New Sculpture Garden." Scripps Magazine, Spring 2010. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://issuu.com/scrippscollege/docs/2010-spring1. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial, New York City, New York</a> bronze figurative manacles portrait trees https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/882c01accc8d120bd0af1594c45d0458.jpg b54e89c991485387804707ba3f1a0268 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ce65a8c6f0a817b8b2b3739b50c917ca.jpg f7c5935049d866435a29acebf4b9bf9b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/3546210485d2739957b43a1df2eb3824.jpg d49eef35f9a955fdb7b96eaa0e3a3ea2 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d5e84b685a1e6b45363923aec1e8289e.jpg 21c961271d20fdbe807b37240462fb73 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1f6da1b955dd143122082594acf6f612.jpg c616a3649e9d1d1a77e80dfb3ddf5a2b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/56cf617b7737ab736b69513396771ea0.jpg c8a8c78b44ddd747320da9d25ce72eff https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/34a5b02d3bc3a13da3be09e086ffcb1c.jpg 7b773a5894847cf8bde731261972d971 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/155c1422b4b33bdf21b97c216438c206.jpg 62212857abf0af743f214ef9023f6e11 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/af7687038cfe317e988cebd9a70d74fe.jpg 7c185137e1e179cb66e7cef2b67a4000 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b410f1f955170fc6324e536234898a34.jpg d6766343c25f47786746ee01fdd1b370 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/f07754b067e85b3137864aa1d7d1fff1.jpg 76d4b49edcd691a211d1317ad55203ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 156 x 96 x 132 in. (396.24 x 243.84 x 335.28 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial (New York, New York) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom New York (State)--New York Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The large-than-life bronze sculpture of Harriet Tubman stands on a rough-cut granite base. The monument is two-toned: a green-blue patina for Tubman's clothing and a black patina for her skin. She wears a buttoned, long-sleeved shirt and a long skirt, the surface of which is adorned with small raised faces, shackles, medicine bundles, and other symbolic elements. Tubman is shown in motion, striding forward with one hand clasping the strap of her shoulder bag. From the side, she is shown pulling away from the gnarled, root-like branches that appear to symbolize her breaking free from bondage. Her facial expression is calm and resolute. Bronze tiles adorn the upper section of the base and show events from Tubman’s life along with traditional quilt patterns. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saar, Alison, 1956- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 13, 2008 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Quennell Rothschild & Partners, LLP (landscape architects), New York, New York; URS Corporation (engineering), New York, New York; City of New York; Manhattan Borough President’s Office; NYC Department of Cultural Affairs Percent for Art Program; NYC Department of Parks and Recreation; NYC Department of Design and Construction; and NYC Department of Transportation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NYC Department of Cultural Affairs Percent for Art Program, 31 Chambers Street, 2nd Floor, New York, New York, 10007, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harriet Tubman Plaza, St. Nicholas Avenue, West 122nd Street, and Frederick Douglass Boulevard, New York City, New York, 07062, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman Memorial; Harriet Tubman Triangle Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Tubman Memorial. Alison Saar. Swing Low, 2007 Plaza Design in Collaboration with Quennell Rothschild & Partners, LLP Commissioned by the City of New York Manhattan Borough President’s Office NYC Department of Cultural Affairs, Percent for Art Program NYC Department of Parks and Recreation NYC Department of Transportation NYC Department of Design and Construction Inscription on exterior granite wall: “What a Beautiful Morning It Will Be! O Let My People Go.” Informational plaque: Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial Harriet Tubman Triangle This larger-than-life bronze sculpture depicts abolitionist organizer and Underground Railroad leader Harriet Tubman (c. 1822-1913), and stands at the crossroads of St. Nicholas Avenue, West 122nd Street and Frederick Douglass Boulevard in Harlem. Douglass once said of Tubman that except for John Brown, he knew of "no one who has willingly encountered more perils and hardships to serve our enslaved people." Born into slavery in Maryland around 1822, Tubman escaped in 1849 via the Underground Railroad, the network of places and people dedicated to helping slaves find their way to freedom in non-slaveholding communities. Settling first in Philadelphia, then Canada, Tubman spent ten years returning to Maryland at great personal risk, to guide scores of friends and family members to freedom. Determined to end slavery, she later served the Union Army as a scout, spy and nurse in the Civil War. Settling in Auburn, New York after the war, she continued campaigning for equal rights for women and African-Americans. Her humanitarian work, including caring for the sick, homeless and disabled of all races, resulted in the establishment of the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged in that community. She died in 1913 and was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn with semi-military honors. The memorial, commissioned through the Department of Cultural Affairs' Percent for Art program, was created by African-American sculptor Alison Saar. The artist has depicted Tubman "not as the conductor of the Underground Railroad but as the train itself, an unstoppable locomotive," the roots of slavery pulled up in her wake. Saar designed stylized portraits of "anonymous passengers" of the Underground Railroad in Tubman's skirt, some of which were inspired by West African "passport masks." Around the granite base of the monument are bronze tiles alternately depicting events in Tubman's life and traditional quilting patterns. The multi-agency project included landscaping the formerly barren traffic triangle. Designed by Quennell Rothschild and constructed by URS, the renovated triangle features paving blocks and roughly hewn granite to create a natural setting. Plantings native to both New York and Tubman's home state of Maryland represent the woods and terrain traveled by Tubman and her Underground Railroad passengers, providing a contemplative space in which to consider Tubman's legacy. City of New York Parks & Recreation www.nyc.gov/parks October 2013 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 156 x 96 x 132 in. (396.24 x 243.84 x 335.28 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Chinese granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Press Release. “Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial Sculpture is Dedicated in Harlem.” NYC Parks. November 13, 2008. Accessed March 18, 2018. https://www.nycgovparks.org/news/press-releases?id=20772%20. Almino, Elisa Wouk. "Meet LA's Art Community: Alison Saar on her Harriet Tubman Monument and Finding Inspiration." Hyperallergic, November 5, 2019. Accessed January 30, 2026. https://hyperallergic.com/meet-las-art-community-alison-saar-on-her-harriet-tubman-monument-and-finding-inspiration/. NYC Cultural Affairs-Percent for Art. “Alison Saar.” Accessed January 30, 2026. https://www.nyc.gov/site/dclapercentforart/projects/projects-detail.page?recordID=207. Herbert, Amelia Simone. "Swing Low: A Visual Metaphor for Abolition Now." CRWNMAG, June 2020. Accessed January 30, 2026. https://www.crwnmag.com/blog/2020/6/swing-low-a-visual-metaphor-for-abolition-now. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Relation A related resource “It’s My Park: Harriet Tubman Memorial,” NYC Parks, February 6, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYxY4hEECQY. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. Maquette, New York Historical, 2009. https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/64912/maquette-for-swing-low-harriet-tubman-memorial. Maquette, National Museum of American American History and Culture, 2011. https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2011.63. bronze figurative granite manacles portrait quilt squares trees https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/989d349cf2e301dd21d20cfc9f7beb5d.jpg 2c7858ee36cb5b304d288ff6e9c4c428 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/54426bbfb208b19269b2d79798c030bc.jpg 5f78918b3875ccb0fa96e912472f8fdc https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/eb0638026bf1f2ed104459a9098dabf7.jpg ce75e67b14c4d5e3509f303b2be7d4ba https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/fb86b751919b51a900f33f9e123fc4b4.jpg 94cc8e134f691cab4a1c496d9803dba5 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/a6eb5d2eacb31a391d4a7341c7a00e64.jpg b2e14c5df42060324820be1d03aa01db https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1f7d416092ce8b95188fbc2d184bc5f9.jpg 2f7e9b9a704c303b5f17ce307fb48c39 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9c976699c313d348774665198cda1e40.jpg 60c4006cc34b06cef494ed161bf5fb7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 84 in. (213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (Salisbury, Maryland) Subject The topic of the resource <psubject topic="" br=""></psubject>Subject (Topic) Abolitionists--United States Freedom Maryland--Salisbury Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The bronze statue of Harriet Tubman is placed on a concrete base. Tubman wears a nineteenth-century inspired dress that she lifts with her left hand, creating a rippling effect in the bronze cloth. On her left shoulder sits a saw-whet owl, at her left foot rests a rabbit. She extends her right arm into the air, perpendicular to her body with her palm extending outwards. A Maryland blue crab and ten seashells are sculpted into the base of the monument. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hill, James, 1945- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 22, 2009 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Salisbury University (funder); Students assisting with the project included Mike Benson, Jason Bromley, Jen Drake, Sarah Halcot, Christopher Hill, Robbie Johnson, Sam Jones, Diana Mosteller, Keely Patton, Tom Ruch, Dan Stachurski, Phillip Taylor and Tom Wright. SU faculty emeritus Gerry Patt Jr. helped with the sculpture’s casting. Faculty emerita Marie Cavallaro documented the procedure. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, Maryland, 21801, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Teacher Education and Technology Center, Salisbury University, S. Salisbury Boulevard (BUS. 13), Salisbury, Maryland, 21801, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Tubman. C. 1821-1913. ‘The midnight sky and the silent stars have been the witness of your devotion to freedom and of your heroism,’ wrote fellow abolitionist and Eastern Shore native Frederick Douglass of Harriet Tubman. A Civil War nurse, scout, spy, military strategist and early women’s suffragist, the ‘Moses of her people’ freed hundreds of slaves via the Underground Railroad. With the support of the Salisbury University community, sculptor James Hill and his students realized this work in 2009, with the hope that her story will continue to inspire courage and action in the pursuit of human rights. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 84 in. (213.36 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Concrete Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Press Releases. “New SU Sculpture Honors Harriet Tubman.” News. Salisbury University. September 22, 2009. Assessed March 21, 2018. http://www.salisbury.edu/news/article.html?id=3995. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman Statue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bird bronze figurative portrait seashell https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0f9ba80ef5520e7b9e1f3db9f9a38baf.jpg f19003e37716254fe4272f60c88575c3 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/587dab8e7e5d99904291a2a52f97c9de.jpg a7cb96cd83f6668ef6e230c2e80fd1b7 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/36375465d7c8a9fde1385e3239cf87f0.jpg d9b2c8bac0dce89ab8f912b29e4dfcb9 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c0041a84844c6aa36e36233998dad586.jpg 17c209c871d4482f3f5977a05d6de54c https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/354ad2035ee2741fabb8a4a76d5e516d.jpg 822f884bed7fbb8761fc7941faa45dea https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2d02639e9b652b709fd150ede95e76c6.jpg 94087040a71eb686bfa981a9229d3fee https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/080828b934b3a224603eede407034254.jpg 2855abd857d9b9616c40e1dface330fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 78 in. (198.12 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Ross Tubman Memorial (Bristol, Pennsylvania) Subject The topic of the resource <subject topic="" br=""></subject>Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Pennsylvania--Bristol Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The single bronze figure of Harriet Tubman stands atop a black granite plinth. Tubman wears a coat, haversack slung over her right shoulder, and a pistol at her waist. Tubman's right arm is raised to the sky as she points her right hand toward the North Star. The statue of Tubman sits at the center of eleven black granite columns inscribed with edifying phrases including: Hope is Another Form of Freedom; We Choose Inclusion Not Exclusion; Our Town is America the Beautiful; We Stand Together; Liberty and Justice For All; Move Forward; Amalgamate the Community; Freedom Will Prevail; Unity is the Way. Signed by the artist: James L. Gafgen, 2005. Foundry stamp: Art Research Enterprises: The Art Foundry. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gafgen, James L., 1939-2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 24, 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource William H. Smith (Design); Sydney L. Taylor and the African-American Historical and Cultural Society of Bucks County; The Bucks County Committee For Interracial Harmony; State of Pennsylvania; Mayor and Council of the Borough of Bristol. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bristol Township, 2501 Bath Road, Bristol, Pennsylvania, 19007, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bristol Lions Park, 150 Basin Park, Bristol, Pennsylvania, 19007, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on base of sculpture: Harriet Ross Tubman Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Ross Tubman. Abolitionist-American Hero. Circa 1820-1913. Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in 1849. She fled to Philadelphia where, as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, she made 19 sorties into the South, liberating over 300 slaves. Ms. Tubman also served as a spy and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War. Harriet Tubman—Authentic American Hero Ten granite columns with inscriptions (clockwise from base of sculpture): Hope is Another Form of Freedom; We Choose Inclusion Not Exclusion; Our Town is America the Beautiful; We Stand Together; Liberty and Justice For All; Move Forward; Amalgamate the Community; Freedom Will Prevail; Unity is the Way. Ten stone markers: Names of old African American families in Bristol Extent The size or duration of the resource. 78 in. (198.12 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Green granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Waymarking.com. “Harriet Tubman-Lions Park-Bristol, PA.” Statues of Historic Figures. Accessed, March 21, 2018. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3JK9_Harriet_Tubman_Lions_Park_Bristol_PA. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Signed: 2006 black granite bronze columns figurative pistol portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/bea4fd6c8fd11359bb9b8261ac73862a.jpeg ccf1202a1e5665d2c517b022793457a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (fourth cast) (Ypsilanti, Michigan) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Michigan--Ypsilanti Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Harriet_Tubman_Ypsilanti_Michigan.JPG" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 21, 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Friends of Ypsilanti District Library, Ypsilanti, Michigan; Ypsilanti Downtown Development Authority, Ypsilanti, Michigan; and Pfizer, Inc., Ypsilanti, Michigan Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Ypsilanti District Library, 229 West Michigan Avenue, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ypsilanti District Library, 229 West Michigan Avenue, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque on front of statue: Harriet Tubman, 1820-1913. Led slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad earning her the name of ‘Moses of Her People.’ Bronze statue created by Jane DeDecker and installed in 2006. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ypsilanti District Library. "Library Plaza." Accessed March 18, 2018. https://www.ypsilibrary.org/about/visit/ydl-michigan/library-plaza/. Wander Woman Project. "Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2c2977390aefc2e66296e96b2719c5a2.jpeg e720bc4638ac33dbc4ea2660cc5e8d81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (third cast) (Little Rock, Arkansas) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Arkansas--Little Rock Freedom Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://locate.publicartarchive.org/art/Harriet-Tubman?ib=ext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Art Archive</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Dean Kumpuris, Little Rock Board of Directors, City of Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas; John Kinkade, National Sculptors’ Guild at Columbine Gallery, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Peggy and Haskell L. Dickinson (donors), Little Rock, Arkansas. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Little Rock, 500 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72201, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 764 President Clinton Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72201, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Concrete base Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Public Art Archive. “Harriet Tubman, Little Rock, Arkansas.” Accessed March 19, 2018. https://locate.publicartarchive.org/art/Harriet-Tubman?ib=ext. Peacock, Leslie Newell. “Forever, Sculpture: Artwork and a City Director, Carve Out a Special Place along Little Rock’s Riverfront.” Arkansas Times, June 15, 2017. Accessed March 19, 2018. https://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/forever-sculpture/Content?oid=7409126. Wander Woman Project. “Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US.” Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/5c9b800bd6480715ba91e2dea5049961.jpeg e8ca09c38aed8517483a725f3b9b970d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (second cast) (Gainesville, Georgia) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Georgia--Gainsville Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://update.brenau.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/IMG_0007.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brenau University</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Brenau University, 500 Washington St SE, Gainesville, Georgia, 30501, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Thurmond McRae Lecture Hall, Brenau University, 625 Academy Street, Gainesville, Georgia, 30501, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman and Child Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Wander Woman Project. "Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Vision 2020 Public Arts. "Harriet Tubman and Child." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://www.2030art.com/project-02 (site discontinued). Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e10c796c801262bb4184360a77e032c6.jpg d1ff6caa212e2148ae341c9737a76c87 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/707b09bba790b0f2f0e41ad180b18211.jpg d9729b049e5387f67b2fd40d79a2fe83 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/044c3b6cc65200d16f2956be7b2f6fba.jpg 06be1b452889f2a601b7803941685e69 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4d38ed4e88c2f879841f19ca6b6758ca.jpg 663b650953797666e78cee7bcbea795f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (first cast) (Mesa, Arizona) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Arizona--Mesa Freedom Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs: <a href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMNZ71_Harriet_Tubman_Mesa_Arizona" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Waymaking</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Las Sendas Community Association, 7900 East Eagle Crest Drive, Mesa, Arizona, 85207, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harriet Tubman Children’s Parke, Las Sendas, E. Saddleback and Eagle Crest Drive, Mesa, Arizona, 85207, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Las Sendas Is Home. “Las Sendas Park Statues.” Accessed March 19, 2018. http://www.lassendasishome.com/statues/. Wander Woman Project. “Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US.” Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad<a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/exhibits/show/commemorating-harriet-tubman" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Relation A related resource Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ab2d5df36313d85e1137403652d9c170.jpg e71a03b401ff36f0c54ae2f24d71ca5b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ca3489a40ea3a913e909099eff0449e7.JPG c5cfc7fcf5f8ff8de16cdeb0c778584a https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8926566edc9ffe5e5ba5a7e394ffb18e.JPG 2a4a26854b32fc3b8e68997b52e63034 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e2cc00fe11c5e5cc04d8d4dc14cd5796.JPG ed8ed862efa6c0a692586363be85c99c https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d302ddf7287cd6da5f91aefeeebf6012.JPG 826ce17761087a656e2c08b98b7f4b56 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/fb28f5578601ce44b8fbfc519239627c.JPG 763602f25f9b96cd0bdce827cf6cbb4d https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/664dfa7d6c1bd1b780ccfbb2b97748ed.jpg cbae47b117c51f27260d5c12c86315b5 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e4e48f920dc7db59e3d9f5a75781d557.jpg 46232514347a9e5264e789577e5f35ee https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/30e6ae7d7274935d4afa6f242a1155bf.JPG a7425e4c4c2cd28f837702b3bba75c05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 120 x 84 in. (304.8 x 213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Step on Board (Boston, Massachusetts) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Fugitive slaves Massachusetts--Boston Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource A high relief sculpture with Harriet Tubman and six figures: three women, two men, and a baby. All figures are clothed in nineteenth-century dress. Wearing a dress, shawl, and head wrap, Tubman strides forward, gesturing with her left hand and holding a Bible under her right arm. The figures are backed by a vertical slab of pink granite. On the reverse of statue is a diagram of the route Tubman took when accompanying passengers on the Underground Railroad (Maryland, Delaware, Philadelphia, New York City, Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, Canada). The reverse of the memorial also includes quotations from Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Sarah Bradford. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cunningham, Fern, 1949-2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 20, 1999 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource CBA Landscape Architects, Boston, Massachusetts; United South End Settlements, Boston, Massachusetts; New England Foundation for the Arts, Boston, Massachusetts; The George B. Henderson Foundation and The Edgar Ingersoll Browne Fund, Boston, Massachusetts; and Boston Parks and Recreation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Boston Art Commission, Mayor’s Office of Arts and Culture, Boston City Hall, Room 802, Boston, Massachusetts, 02201, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harriet Tubman Park, Columbus Avenue and Pembrook Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02116, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman Memorial Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscriptions on back of relief: Step On Board, Harriet Ross Tubman, 1820 – 1913, Go Down Moses, Way Down in Egypt’s Land, Tell Old Pharoah — Let My People Go. “There are two things I’ve got a right to, and these are death or liberty. One or another I mean to have. No one will take me back alive.”—Harriet Tubman “The midnight sky and the silent stars have been the witnesses of your devotion to freedom and of your heroism.” —Frederick Douglass “Tell my brothers to be always watching unto prayer, and when the good old ship of Zion comes along, to be ready to step aboard.”—Harriet Tubman “She expected deliverance when she prayed, unless the Lord had ordered otherwise.” —Sarah Bradford Inscription on bronze plaque: For the Adornment and Benefit of Boston. The design, fabrication, and installation of the memorials at Harriet Tubman park were made possible through the efforts of the United South End Settlements with funding support from the New England Foundation for the Arts, George B. Henderson Foundation, the Edward Ingersoll Browne Fund, a public charitable trust administered by the Trust Office of the City of Boston. The art piece ’Step on Board’ was designed by artist Fern Cunningham in 1999, and ’Emancipation’ was designed by artist Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller in 1913. The park is maintained by the Boston Parks and Recreation Department in partnership with the friends of Harriet Tubman Park, 2000. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 120 x 84 in. (304.8 x 213.36 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Pink granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. George B. Henderson Foundation. “Special Projects: Harriet Tubman Sculpture & Park.” Accessed March 19, 2018. http://thehendersonfoundation.com/harriet_tubman_sculpture_park.htm. Friend's of the Harriet Tubman Park. "Harriet Tubman Park." Accessed January 29, 2026. https://tubmanboston.org/#visit">https://tubmanboston.org/#visit. Ater, Renée. Remaking Race and History: The Sculpture of Meta Warrick Fuller. University of California Press, 2010. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bas-relief Bible bronze figurative granite inscription map portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c2fa4d797a4d66d2d45ef6d79c49e7a4.jpg ae044eab3c1afddb8c40829db5030492 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/a84445f64fd22c24ed60ce61fa19e3ce.jpg 12437b7e8d77d3cb916d424b7e93216b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/22d388a38dbdcd29f8a70b15d4fad077.jpg 74af0ab95d654f5425424737cfe7af29 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1e43bea9ae179b176a7c10dde537e3fc.jpg 6860045b0619bfc9868553411485fc96 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/477c445aa88fd2b40266cf3d5ed5f735.jpg 92b0e75bb3f7e6743b10967129e9c368 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/07303a2fe3a478173cf9ff65ae552e93.jpg 35708db07ef3fa5d03c5dc41b3b01673 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/42b09cf14662a0fe54bfd183b08ed1b3.jpg 12ef5f6c2aefda60b5d94a6feb796836 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c298a538474223e6d9c1e2cb17b95aff.jpg 0bf23d91be93ee40102c807cc347fa26 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0cef8f74c23d7e84be7806f2b9463c04.jpg 88386d88c3f70cb8f1f158c6f65baa9b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1a545be3636da3b23209a043d566d728.jpg 3f1b8dd7217510193cbc3781fecb1692 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/970f7088562b06b5adf0592290a254ab.jpg 9915e3cce9d72a58811a21563df8fe6d https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/27fe705027328b7120ec1f6fb2724abf.jpg 3c2d115424fdda446f1358a4276c5f63 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/26a5702147d065fc60463e712abfe788.jpg 85de5aba34be048038d0ad7443ca8903 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/902fbaa67ff332362f77bff804323605.jpg 5e6d6ac9276fffedc9724f4e5b6b680c https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/a7e7230d4a8d0519469361bdcbd8b1a6.jpg 897d8f8bc789a0c43b3c3eedde751d4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 100 in. (274.32 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom (Wilmington, Delaware) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Delaware--Wilmington Freedom Fugitive slaves Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Garrett, Thomas, 1789-1871 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource A multi-figure sculpture of Harriet Tubman and Thomas Garrett leads two fugitive enslaved persons, a semi-nude man and a fully clothed woman, along the Underground Railroad in Wilmington, Delaware. Tubman carries a baby in her arms and wears a head wrap, shawl, haversack, and carries a pistol at her waist. Garrett wears a suit, cape and top hat, and holds a lantern. The sculpture includes three pairs of boots, a crate, and a barrel. Signed by the artist: M. Chiodo, 2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chiodo, Mario, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 3, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Oasis Design Group (Kimley-Horn); The City of Wilmington’s Percent for Art Fund; Riverfront Development Corporation of Delaware; and Riverfront Wilmington Sculpture Selection Committee Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The City of Wilmington Department of Parks and Recreation, 500 Wilmington Avenue, Wilmington, Delaware, 19801, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tubman-Garrett Riverfront Park, 815 Justison Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 19801, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque: Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom, Dedicated October 3, 2012, Honorable James M. Baker, Mayor, Artist: Mario Chiodo. Inscripton on Tubman biographical bronze plaque: Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Harriet Ross; 1820 – March 10, 1913). ‘I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.’ Born on Maryland’s eastern shore, Harriet Tubman’s family of eleven suffered the indignities of violence and division common to the institution of slavery. Harriet escaped from slavery following the death of her owner in 1849. Over the course of 10 years, with the help of Thomas Garrett and other abolitionists, she led hundreds of slaves along the Underground Railroad through Wilmington to freedom in New York, New England, and Canada, earning the title of the ‘Moses of her people’. During the Civil War, she was a cook and a nurse and became a spy and armed scout for the federal forces, helping to liberate more than 700 slaves in South Carolina. Tubman died in 1913 at her home in Auburn, NY. Inscripton on Garrett biographical bronze plaque: Thomas Garrett (b. August 21, 1789 – d. January 24, 1871). ‘No labor during a long life has give me so much real happiness as what I have done for the slave.’ Thomas Garrett has been called Delaware’s greatest humanitarian and is credited with helping more than 2,700 slaves escape to freedom in a forty-year long career as a station master of the Underground Railroad. His abolitionist activities, along with the Quaker congregation from the Friends Meeting House in Wilmington, helped to make Wilmington an important gateway on the freedom trail. Garrett helped Harriet Tubman on her many journeys, giving her food, clothing, shelter, and money. He was convicted of violating the federal Fugitive Slave Law in 1848 and heavily fined and forced into bankruptcy. Garrett devoted his life to the abolitionist cause, openly defying slave hunters, as well as the slave system. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 100 in. (274.32 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Chiodo, Mario. “Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom.” Freedom March of Art. Accessed March 18, 2018. www.freedommarchofart.com/tubman.html. Ater, Renée. "Monument and Heritage Tourism: Memorializing Harriet Tubman and Thomas Garrett on the Underground Railroad in Delaware." In Ending Slavery: The Antislavery Struggle in Perspective, eds. Lawrence Ajé and Claudine Raynaud, 265-286. Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2022. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9jP20hvR-M" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative lantern pistol portrait