3 10 134 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/bfa6926268bc4747a4286cbfc9e92fba.jpg df44e834459c7a5362b07e806e2011dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emancipation Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The commemorative works under the theme of "Emancipation" include two different types of monuments and memorials: those focused on the end of slavery in the United States through the Emancipation Proclamation, and memorials to emancipation and liberation movements in the Caribbean. The forms of the monuments and memorials range from figurative sculpture such as <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Redemption Song</a> in Kingston, Jamaica; a series of gateways at the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1214" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Camp Barker Memorial</a> located at Garrison Elementary School in Washington, DC; and the abstract forms of <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1162" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L'Arbre de la liberté</a> in Schoelcher, Martinique. Thomas Ball's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1223" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Freedmen's Memorial to Abraham Lincoln </a>(1876) as well as Meta Warrick Fuller's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1121" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Emancipation</a> (1913) are also included here as they represent early sculptural engagements with the theme in the United States. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including public art in Trinidad and Tobago, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Sint Maarten. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 108 in. (275 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Freedmen's Memorial to Abraham Lincoln (Washington, DC) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ball, Thomas, 1819-1911 Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Emancipation Proclamation--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Washington (D. C.) United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Washington (D. C.) Subject (Name) Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The sculptor Thomas Ball’s composition includes two figures, one fully clothed, the other semi-nude. Due to the dozens of photographs that survive from the 1860s, we recognize that the standing bearded man is Abraham Lincoln. Dressed in a shirt with tie, a long coat, and trousers, Lincoln stands upright with most of his weight on one leg, in "contrapposto." Clothing and posture civilize Lincoln, marking his intelligence and morality. The kneeling man, a newly emancipated enslaved person, is semi-nude. The only article of clothing that he wears is a piece of cloth draped from his waist to the edge of his buttocks. The sinewy muscles are clearly delineated in the man’s arms, legs, and abdominal muscles. Modeled with short curly hair, the former slave is also shown with a distinctive broad nose, signifying his African ancestry. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 14, 1876 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts- Sculpture Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ater, Renée. "On the Removal of Statues: Freedmen's Memorial to Abraham Lincoln." On Monuments Blog, July 1, 2020. https://www.reneeater.com/on-monuments-blog/2020/7/1/on-the-removal-of-statues-freedmens-memorial-to-abraham-lincoln. White, Jonathan W. and Scott Sandage. "What Frederick Douglass Had To Say About Monuments." Smithsonian Magazine, June 20, 2020. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-frederick-douglass-had-say-about-monuments-180975225/. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Plaque on front of memorial: Freedom's Memorial In grateful memory of Abraham Lincoln. This monument was erected by the Western Sanitary Commission of Saint Louis, Mo., with funds contributed solely by emancipated Citizens of the United States declared free by his Proclamation, January 1st A.D. 1863. The first contribution of five dollars was made by Charlotte Scott, a freed woman of Virginia, being her first earnings in freedom and consecrated by her suggestion and request, on the day she heard of President Lincoln’s death, to build a monument to his memory. Plaque on back of memorial: And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God. — A. Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation, Jan 1, 1863. Western Sanitary Commission James E. Yeatman, President. C. S. Greeley, Treas. Geo. Partridge, Dr. J. B. Johnson, Wm. C. Eliot. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20240, United States Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lincoln Park, East Capitol Street, SE, Washington, DC, 20003, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. 108 in. (275 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Charlotte Scott (donor); Emancipated Citizens of the United States (donors); Western Sanitary Commission of St. Louis: James E. Yeatman, President; Carlos S. Greeley, Treasurer; George Partridge; Dr. J. B. Johnson; Reverend William Greenleaf Eliot. 19th-century sculpture bronze Civil War figurative granite https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/970c81817f5cbef89e3307fa8db63ee7.jpg eaa05ff30451121b1e27d593b6c5ec43 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/15f2ef49e548e6d920bed698b53ef9b6.jpg 7b36d4a2eded0dd4a82e0b05ff8effd4 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/88a5db7e17595edd9713c27772616995.jpg 745b5a702c3d791ab81d17a818735ffd https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/06b1f4d816b5228c4cf5cecdd81dc17f.jpg 188b148031bb146851005028cb820e05 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/670671e5a2ac36539ab68d1f0696bf81.jpg 1f87d961f4cec52261d138ce8258d43b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The memorial and monuments in this collection are dedicated to the Underground Railroad, an organized network of routes and safe houses that assisted freedom seekers [enslaved people] on their journeys northward. The Underground Railroad was part of the larger movement for the abolition of slavery in the United States. The movement to abolish slavery was a complicated political movement that, at its core, was driven by the resistance and activism of enslaved Black people and freedmen and women abolitionists. Historian Manisha Sinha explores the history of American abolition, including the Underground Railroad in The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016).  Although Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor in the Underground Railroad, she is not the subject of the memorials featured in this collection (see the collection on this site, <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Black Abolitionists</a>, to view works specifically dedicated to her life and work). Rather the monuments and memorials featured here, such as Ed Dwight's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gateway to Freedom: International Memorial to the Underground Railroad</a>, highlight other prominent conductors, as well as celebrate the fortitude and bravery of the freedom seekers as they made the perilous journey north. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North to Freedom (Brewer, Maine) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hines, Glenn M., 1950- Hines, Diane, 1951- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Fugitive slaves--United States Maine--Brewer Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts- Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chamberlain Freedom Park, 12 State Street, Brewer, Maine, 04412, United States <div class="Uekwlc QzqPSc"> <div class="pBr83e"></div> </div> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Description An account of the resource Located in Chamberlain Freedom Park in Brewer, Maine, the bronze statue depicts a male freedom seeker from the waist up. He presses his hands against a manhole and appears to be emerging from an underground tunnel. His well-defined torso leans northward, while his head is turned in the opposite direction, his firm gaze fixed toward the south—the direction from which he escaped. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brewer Historical Society; Dick Campbell (landscape design); Brian Higgins (historic interpretation) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Brewer Historical Society, P.O. Box 602, Brewer, Maine, 04412, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Information plaque: The Brewer Historical Society created this park to honor Civil War hero General Joshua L. Chamberlain, a Brewer native. The park also commemorates Maine's role as a stop on the "Underground Railroad" used by runaway slaves to reach freedom in Canada. A statue of an unknown slave lifts himself, leaning North while looking South, from an underground railroad tunnel uncovered during construction in 1995. The "North to Freedom" statue, by Maine sculptors Glenn and Diane Hines, represents all who made the dangerous journeys along the "Underground Railroad." Landscape design: Dick Campbell Historic Interpretation: Brian Higgins Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Field stone Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ricker, Nok-Noi. "‘North to Freedom’ Statue in Brewer Only Official Maine Memorial to Underground Railroad." Bangor Daily News, September 1, 2012. Accessed April 30, 2021. https://bangordailynews.com/2012/09/01/news/bangor/north-to-freedom-statue-in-brewer-only-official-maine-memorial-to-underground-railroad/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater bronze figurative https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9e4cc6954979aab1cc45d922dbdc2617.jpeg 17bb24e2d4e596dcbf18637ef648587a https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b81719231814722d53b55fb7ba1cb0aa.jpeg 4536c388440a243093d488d2ff3383db https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/7577a96663b89c2a20033aef9b3ae2b3.jpeg 358c871940d9aaf70cc86cde544908a8 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/743539c435917638fa9316f90a175a67.jpg d819b4c4b1ce1d86767be866327ef746 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/78dabc5f52d4bc88031f23e5d2296969.jpg d5d9800c9f5b9984a1fb1d00e79a7e7e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The memorial and monuments in this collection are dedicated to the Underground Railroad, an organized network of routes and safe houses that assisted freedom seekers [enslaved people] on their journeys northward. The Underground Railroad was part of the larger movement for the abolition of slavery in the United States. The movement to abolish slavery was a complicated political movement that, at its core, was driven by the resistance and activism of enslaved Black people and freedmen and women abolitionists. Historian Manisha Sinha explores the history of American abolition, including the Underground Railroad in The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016).  Although Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor in the Underground Railroad, she is not the subject of the memorials featured in this collection (see the collection on this site, <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Black Abolitionists</a>, to view works specifically dedicated to her life and work). Rather the monuments and memorials featured here, such as Ed Dwight's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gateway to Freedom: International Memorial to the Underground Railroad</a>, highlight other prominent conductors, as well as celebrate the fortitude and bravery of the freedom seekers as they made the perilous journey north. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lorain Station 100 Ohio Underground Railroad Monument (Lorain, Ohio) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Fugitive slaves--United States Ohio--Lorain Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Black River Landing, 421 Black River Lane, Lorain, Ohio, 44052, United States Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Giardini Family; African Heritage Underground Railroad Project Committee: Sylvia Duvall, Chairperson, Kathy Fritsch, Marlene Duffy, Bessie Eva Nelson, Elizabeth Nicholson, Barbara Aldridge, Fred Wright; National Council of Negro Women, Lorain County Section; Lorain Club of the National Association of Negro Business & Professional Women's Clubs, Inc.; Lorain County Urban League; The Ohio Historical Society. Description An account of the resource A low relief depicts three freedom seekers against the map of Ohio: a father, mother, and young boy. The male figure is show in profile wearing a soft brimmed hat, holding a walking cane, and dressed in simple shirt and pants with worn shoes ( a hole is visible). The woman is between the man and young boy, holding both of their hands. She is wearing a head wrap, simple top and skirt, and a shawl on around her shoulders. Like the young boy, she is barefoot. With short hair, the young boy wears a button shirt with rolled up pants. Over his shoulder is a small sack. The artist signature, Danhires, is located near the bare feet of the young boy. The Lorain Underground Station 100 Monument  was damaged by heavy storms in August. 2024. It is currently being repaired and is not on view. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Geoffrey Jacobson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Danhires, George Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 16, 2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Lorain County Government, 226 Middle Avenue, Elyria, Ohio 44035, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Historic marker: Prior to the Civil War, Ohio was a leading state for enslaved Americans of African descent traveling the Underground Railroad to freedom in Canada. For these fugitives, their final stop in Ohio was a Lake Erie port community in the north. One such port was at the mouth of the Black River in Lorain that came to be identified as Lorain Station 100, named because it was thought to be one of the last stops or stations before the fugitive slaves reached freedom in Canada. Many arrived here in a wagon driven by Robbins Burrell who owned a farm five miles up the Black River. Concealed by vegetables, grains, or hay, the slaves were smuggled into schooners, some of which belonged to Burrell’s cousin Captain Aaron Root. From Lorain Station 100, the determined travelers were transported across Lake Erie, completing the final leg of their long journey to freedom. Inscription on granite at base of monument: Lorain Station 100 Ohio Underground Railroad Inscription on granite back: The Giardini Family Supporting Commitment, Creativity and Community In Memory of Those Who Risked Their Lives and Property in the Name of Freedom June 16, 2007 Lorain, Ohio "Both the Persecuted and Their Protectors Have Hallowed This Ground. Our Lives and Our Memories are Richer Because of Their Courage." Toni Wofford Morrison, Nobel Laureate in Literature African Heritage Underground Railroad Project Committee Sylvia Duvall, Chairperson Kathy Fritsch Marlene Duffy Bessie Eva Nelson Elizabeth Nicholson Barbara Aldridge Fred Wright National Council of Negro Women, Lorain County Section Marlene Duffy, President Lorain Club of the National Association of Negro Business & Professional Women's Clubs, Inc. Sylvia Duvall, President Lorain County Urban League Fred Wright, President & CEO Extent The size or duration of the resource. Unknown Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. The Historical Marker Database. "Lorain Station 100." Accessed April 30, 2021. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=143281. "Fundraising Begins to Replace Fallen Historical Marker at Black River Landing." Morning Journal, August 15, 2024. Accessed February 10, 2026. https://www.morningjournal.com/2024/08/15/fundraising-begins-to-replace-fallen-historical-marker-at-black-river-landing/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater bas-relief bronze granite inscription map https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/67b8e27e6cda1fd8ef86bbd98e3d7660.jpeg 3e0da7e641426c2f436b23f168194bb2 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/7b569c21c8b89df24dee1476382608a0.jpeg a84a508d1aea75be08223baa1bdf49de https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/62dbd496c4883f89759fbe0d7fd4a597.jpeg c40efc8bd8c84298f7347725aaeb3e73 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/209dd586f3270fd509dd8ceb6e0a2b72.jpeg c0f1240e5535be316ae96a657a7bde8e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The memorial and monuments in this collection are dedicated to the Underground Railroad, an organized network of routes and safe houses that assisted freedom seekers [enslaved people] on their journeys northward. The Underground Railroad was part of the larger movement for the abolition of slavery in the United States. The movement to abolish slavery was a complicated political movement that, at its core, was driven by the resistance and activism of enslaved Black people and freedmen and women abolitionists. Historian Manisha Sinha explores the history of American abolition, including the Underground Railroad in The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016).  Although Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor in the Underground Railroad, she is not the subject of the memorials featured in this collection (see the collection on this site, <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Black Abolitionists</a>, to view works specifically dedicated to her life and work). Rather the monuments and memorials featured here, such as Ed Dwight's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gateway to Freedom: International Memorial to the Underground Railroad</a>, highlight other prominent conductors, as well as celebrate the fortitude and bravery of the freedom seekers as they made the perilous journey north. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underground Railroad Sculpture (Oberlin, Ohio) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armstrong, Cameron, 1956- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Fugitive slaves--United States Ohio--Oberlin Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The Underground Railroad Sculpture commemorates Oberlin's role in the Underground Railroad. Wooden railroad tracks with iron ties emerge from the ground, reaching skyward. Cameron Armstrong (then a senior at Oberlin College) created the sculpture in 1977 as part of a class art project. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Oberlin Class of 1977 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Oberlin College, 38 E College Street, Oberlin, Ohio, 44074, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Talcott Hall, 2 S Professor Street, Oberlin, Ohio, 44074, United States Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "Underground Railroad Statue." Oberlin College. Accessed April 30, 2021. https://www.oberlin.edu/underground-railroad-sculpture. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Geoffrey Jacobson Extent The size or duration of the resource. Unknown Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque with description of sculpture: This sculpture commemorates Oberlin's participation in the Underground Railroad, a secret network to aid the escape of fugitive slaves to freedom in Canada in the years before the Civil War. It was designed and installed in Spring, 1977, by Cameron Armstrong, class of '77. Funding was provided by the Class of 1977 as their gift to the College. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Wood; Steel abstract iron wood https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ef3a6a485eb1c5d26c0e6c78475df69e.jpg ef2fa2fe9b0d94f479d127288bf1bb73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 120 x 48 x 48 in. (304.8 x 121.92 x 121.92 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dred and Harriet Scott Statue (St. Louis, Missouri) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Weber, Harry, 1942- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation--United States Missouri--St. Louis Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slavery--Missouri Subject (Name) Scott, Dred, 1799-1858 Scott, Harriet, 1815-1876 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Extent The size or duration of the resource. 120 x 48 x 48 in. (304.8 x 121.92 x 121.92 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 8, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dred Scott Heritage Foundation: Lynne M. Jackson; National Park Service; Vladimir Zhitomirsky, VMD Sculpting; McCarthy Building Companies (Mark Smith, Mark Weiss and Dustin Roberts); KPFF Consulting Engineers; Rosch Companies; McFry Excavating; Geotechnology, Inc.; Rebar Specialist Inc.; Wilson Concrete, Vee-Jay Cement; Budrovich, Inc; Thomas Bradley and Frank Mares Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Regional Arts Commission of St. Louis, 6128 Delmar Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63112, United States Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Old Courthouse, 11 N 4th Street, St. Louis, Missouri, 63102, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on base of work: Dred and Harriet Scott filed suit for their freedom at this courthouse in 1846. Their case reached the United States Supreme Court and was decided in 1857. The court ruled that the Scotts and all African Americans were not citizens of the United States. Opposition to the decision was one of the causes of the Civil War and led to the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Scotts' struggle for freedom stands as a defining moment in the history of the Civil Rights Movements. Dedicated June 8, 2012 Gift of the Dred Scott Heritage Foundation Harry Weber, Sculptor Description An account of the resource A figurative statue of Dred and Harriet Scott. Dred Scott wears a suit with tie. He reaches his left arm behind Harriet Scott, embracing her; they also hold hands. Harriet Scott wears a full-length dress and turns her head upward. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dred_and_Harriet_Scott_Statue_2_(8257d8fd-c3a1-3d14-164d-d0961fc37038).jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Weber, Harry. "About: Dred and Harriet Scott." Regional Arts Commission of St. Louis. Accessed April 30, 2021. https://racstl.org/public-art/dred-and-harriet-scott/. bronze figurative portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/73ca10f703ac89f7fa5ce0a297adbe65.jpeg d90ba7847b56e82a38ed989b560a8630 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1e8a87f1369061ce67a96b516fcca9fd.jpeg cd4ed5b1d0321bdb4ed770968c3dea0e https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0826a728cd442f8f627122c714b9ca56.jpg a9f3f348baed83770e7ae0d6ee8ccc18 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/04da948604d58e22497f323ecb4e0a90.jpg af10d4a20ef420a5ba84f3996e4713b4 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/472543f63b394b1b0fd7c4fbce2a5fa2.jpg ee17c7b9c27d0f3e83b0be2cc49cfd31 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0306e44e50db2f2b16a03cacf814fe05.jpg 5bd14231c040f5cd7202cf8413f34e79 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e2e8bbab502224b051ba23c894716da0.jpg ce0aa641e80a32d80382c881e4857a2c https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c1f4e46957f61e0e126cb750a894a61c.jpg 1b6b6f41198f7b18e0d96a9960f9b3a5 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cad2c3e70ec715a551444fce2571add6.jpg c9f98c0d6cdbf78d381e20a1b6e6cb42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Buildings and Structures Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Whitney Plantation Museum (Edgard, Louisiana) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cummings, John, 1938- (museum founder) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Enslaved persons Louisiana--Edgard Louisiana--St. John the Baptist Parish Plantations--Louisiana Slavery--Louisiana Sugar--Social Aspects--History Subject (Object Type) History Museums Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Dedicated to the history of enslavement in the Louisiana, the Whitney Plantation is sited on the grounds where enslaved people labored in bondage for over 100 years. The historical site, museum, and memorials are located in St. John the Baptist Parish in Edgard, Louisiana. The museum is comprised of twelve historic structures including restored slave cabins, a kitchen, and the main house. Four memorials are also located on the grounds. The Wall of Honor is dedicated to all of the people who were enslaved at the Whitney Plantation including their names, places of origin, their skill, and dates of birth. The Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall memorial is is named for the histoiran Gwendolyn Midlo Hall (1929-2022). Hall created the Louisiana Slave Database to document the enslaved persons who lived in Louisiana from 1719-1820. She "rescued the identies" of thousands who were enslaved in the territory, and then, state. The memorial is made up of eighteen black granite walls engraved with the names of the 107,000 enslaved persons from the Louisiana Slave Database. The Field of Angels is dedicated to the 2,200 enslaved children who died in St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana) from 1823-1863, documented in the Sacramental Records of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. It includes a bronze statue of Black angel carrying a child to heaven and a low black granite, circular wall with the children's names engraved on it. The 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorial commemorates the largest slave revolt in U.S. history that took place on January 8-10, 1811. Enslaved persons from St. Charles and St. John the Baptist parishes rose up and planned to walk to New Orleans. They were stopped after a battle with local white militia. Dozens of enslaved persons were condemned to death and beheaded. Artist Woodrow Nash (b. 1948) created the 63 ceramic heads mounted on steel rods that make up the memorial. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 7, 2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Building and Structures Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 5099 Louisiana Highway 19, Edgard, Louisiana, 70449, United States Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Whitney Plantation, 5099 Louisiana Highway 19, Edgard, Louisiana, 70449, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Armstrong, Kalim. "Telling the Story of Slavery." The New Yorker, February 17, 2016. Accessed May 1, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/telling-the-story-of-slavery. Johnson, Jessica Marie. "Time, Space, Memory at Whitney Plantation." Black Perspectives, AAIHS, March 14, 2015. Accessed on February 17, 2025. https://www.aaihs.org/time-space-and-memory-at-the-whitney-plantation/. Whitney Plantation. Teaching and Learning About American Slavery: Educational Resources for All. Accessed February 6, 2026. https://whitneyplantation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Educational-Resources-About-American-Slavery-3.pdf. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite; Bronze; Ceramic; Brick; Wood bronze historic architecture marble memorial wall names sugar https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4a1cc0f190e13de470b2f0148ca1eaa3.JPG 668a98834f116e9a64e2ab72dc4cd55b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/939a9c6f383a38d640f294b3f3e8f493.JPG d09eea9ae3c895ff6e8b9ef4bd6f917b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 36 x 33.6 x 24 in. (91.44 x 85.34 x 60.96 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henry "Box" Brown Memorial (Richmond, Virginia) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation--United States Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slavery--Virginia Virginia--Richmond Subject (Name) Brown, Henry "Box," 1816-1897 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Box Brown Plaza, 1498 Dock Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The memorial commemorates Henry "Box" Brown's harrowing journey to freedom. On March 23, 1849, with the assistance of James Caesar Anthony Smith, a freedman and white abolitionist, Samuel Alexander Smith, Brown shipped himself in a two-by-three-foot crate marked "dried goods" from Richmond to Philadelphia. Brown would later become a well-known antislavery activist, attempting to assist other enslaved people to escape in crates. The memorial includes a bronze crate meant to resemble the wooden one that Brown used. The crate is open and an outline of a crouching human figure is inscribed on the back panel of the box. An informational placard is sited near the sculpture, which details the history of slavery in Richmond and Brown's escape. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscriptions on five sides of box: "Buoyed up by the prospect of freedom...I was willing to dare even death itself." "The idea flashed across my mind of shutting myself up in a box, and getting myself conveyed... to a free state." "I laid me down in my darkened home of three feet by two feet." "My friends...managed to break open the box, and then came my resurrection from the grave of slavery." "I arose a free man." Inscription on the stone platform: "In a wooden crate similar to this one, Henry Brown, a Richmond tobacco worker, made the journey from slavery to freedom in 1849" Extent The size or duration of the resource. 36 x 33.6 x 24 in. (91.44 x 85.34 x 60.96 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Richmond, 900 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource City of Richmond; Richmond City Council Slave Trade Commission; Venture Richmond Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Encyclopedia Virginia. "Henry Box Brown (1815 or 1816-1897)." Accessed February 17, 2025. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/brown-henry-box-1815-or-1816-1897. Brown, Henry. Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown, Written by Himself. Manchester: Lee and Glynn, 1855. Documenting the American South. Accessed February 17, 2025. https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/brownbox/brownbox.html. abstract bronze https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8b463cae26ccd291755704ec57d628ef.jpeg 39d0e305ef30d4b963ed0cc18606864b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/792bd3c743c984bfbd9905572548617d.jpeg 64df8e582c7f9e5602d8ab396c89c2c8 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/39af40059f086620799201b1a2844d01.jpeg 4c15c42657f529de5373a311f3dbe538 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cf182d806c1e730a399cdf97d36c9214.jpeg d190ed92f55d46966d618496c3c46016 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2ad7e42791353863d4350b793d1ff509.jpeg 2e8144439e73ed04fe3e7e0c673caebe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Varied Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Enslaved Africans' Rain Garden (Yonkers, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bagwell, Vinnie, 1957- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Enslaved persons Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site (Yonkers, N.Y.) Public art Public sculpture New York (State)--Hudson River New York (State)--Yonkers Slavery--New York (State) Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The public art project including a rain garden is located along the Hudson River in Yonkers. It is comprised of four life-size bronze statues: I'Satta; Themba; Bibi; and Sola and Olumide. The figures commemorate enslaved Africans who resided at the Philipse Manor Hall. I'Satta is a bronze sculpture of a young African woman dressed in eighteenth-century dress. In her left hand, she carries a string of four fish, while she uses her right hand to balance the wood-slat bucket on her head. On the back of her dress is a schematic of a slave ship, a map of Africa, Adinkra symbols, and text that reads "Angola-Madagascar." The bottom of her skirt includes an image of man's face drowning as a ship sails off. On the side of her skirt, the artist included a Braille inscription: "My soul looks back, lest I forget." Bibi represents the elders of enslaved Africans. As she appears to stride forward, Bibi wears a large brim hat and carries a large stick. Braille on her apron reads: “I believe in freedom.” In the folds of her skirt, there is a relief sculpture of a little girl. The sign on the hem of the skirt reads: “FOR SALE A likely… NEGRO WENCH Seven to eight years of age. Has had smallpox. For information, enquire at…” Themba holds a tri-corner hat in his hands as he gazes off into the distance. Braille on his garment reads: “faith, hope, trust.” He stands upon a map of the western world, indicating the routes that slave ships took around the world. Sola and Olumide are sculptures of two young children who embrace each other. On Olumide's back are bas-relief images of African masks, art that is indigenous to their homeland and was seen commercially in America until well after the third quarter of the 20th century. See video about the Enslaved Africans' Rain Garden: https://youtu.be/F4loZRMtCrs. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 19, 2022 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The City of Yonkers; New York Council of the Arts; National Endowment for the Arts; ArtsWestchester; ConEdison; Entergy; New York State Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation; Yonkers Board of Education Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20 Water Grant Street, Yonkers, New York, 10701, United States Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Yonkers, 40 Sout Broadway, Yonkers, New York, 10701, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Aiello, Tony. "Enslaved Africans Rain Garden Unveiled in Yonkers." CBS New York. Accessed February 17, 2025. https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/enslaved-africans-rain-garden-unveiled-in-yonkers/. Enslaved African's Rain Garden: A Public Art Iniative. Website, 2022. Accessed February 17, 2025. http://enslavedafricansraingarden.org. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Varied Adinkra symbols bas-relief bronze figurative https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/910a9bfc24eeda04e328c64259f50fca.jpg 5e6d67c68062a6681e07a0808a624184 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 84 in. (213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spirit of Freedom (Hamilton, Bermuda) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dowling, Carlos, 1949- Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Cabinet Gardens, 105 Front Street, Hamilton, Bermuda Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Bermuda Islands--Hamilton Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slavery--Bermuda Islands Slavery--England Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Name) Bassett, Sarah (Sally), d. 1730 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource In 1730, the colonial government of Bermuda executed Sarah Bassett, an enslaved woman, for allegedly attempting to poison her granddaughter’s enslavers. In Spirit of Freedom, she is depicted as a slender female figure bound tightly with ropes, her arms restrained behind her back. Her head is tilted slightly upward and turned to the side, her eyes closed in silent defiance. Her legs are tightly bound to a stake and secured on top of a burning pyre. The sculpture stands on a circular pedestal. Around the base, the name “Sarah (Sally) Bassett” is inscribed, along with a description of events from her life. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Gibson, Stephanie. "Revealing Sally: Unveiling Bermuda's Resistance to Confront its Brutal Past." Monument Lab, May 4, 2020. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://monumentlab.com/bulletin/revealing-sally-unveiling-bermudas-resistance-to-confront-its-brutal-past. Swan, Quito. "Smoldering Memories and Burning Questions: The Politics of Remembering Sally Bassett and Slavery in Bermuda." In Politics of Memory: Making Slavery Visible in the Public Space, ed. Ana Lucia Araujo, 71-91. Routledge, 2012. CIPDH-UNESCO. "Spirit of Freedom." Memorias Situadas: Sites of Memory Related to Serious Human Rights Violations. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://www.cipdh.gob.ar/memorias-situadas/en/lugar-de-memoria/espiritu-de-libertad/. Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sarah Bassett Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 9, 2009 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Six segments: The lower step of the base of the statue is divided into six segments. The segments are inscribed with events from Sarah Bassett's life. <ul> <li>Sarah (Sally) Bassett</li> <li>Sarah (Sally) Bassett was an enslaved woman owned by the estate of Francis Dickinson of Southampton.</li> <li>On June 1, 1730, she was tried on the "Suspicion of Poisoning several persons" including the mariner Thomas Forester (who owned Sally's granddaughter Beck), his wife Sarah, and Nancey, a household bondswoman.</li> <li>At the time of her sentencing, Sally was valued at one pound, four shillings and sixpence. Another local legend says that Bermuda's national flower, the Bermudiana, grew from Sally's ashes.</li> <li>Sally was charged with supplying Beck with the poison that Nancey discovered in the wall of the kitchen outlet. Although Sally maintained her innocence, stating that she "never deserved" the sentence given, she was burned at the stake for the offence.</li> <li>Local lore holds that it was extremely hot when Sally was executed; and even now, Bermudians may refer to a scorchingly hot day as "a real Sally Bassett day."</li> </ul> Bronze plaque on the upper step of the base of the statue: The African Diaspora Heritage Trail Bermuda Officially Designated a UNESCO Slave Route Proejct Officially Opened 9 February 2009 By the Honorable Premier Dr. the Hon. Ewart F. Brown, JP, MP Extent The size or duration of the resource. 84 in. (213.36 cm) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Basset#/media/File:Statue_of_Sally_Basset.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikipedia</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Bermuda Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Government of Bermuda Administration Building, 30 Parliament Street, Hamilton HM12, Bermuda bronze figurative trees https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/50c4a5e84abd4d0588f158aa392c65ab.jpeg a73cce7fda9db262b9a6116437de20d4 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/a9da5d8c8b8632309df9fdc3ef16bebc.jpeg 3848700cddc0acc39f5294363247d194 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4b1964b5f81014d65d590c57d7eb72b3.jpeg 40332b776f8924b80f7c153ab8ce6838 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9ea401230953551814c3d5775ea8ffb9.jpeg 370a40447927f7b4cbbdf238f0c0f0ac https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/7d9b4fe56c13f0395bfef85efe211285.jpeg b459ad813d6d47c78387ce166b2e24bc https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/3f2e3255d1c0a2c6810e762358f59bdf.jpeg 222e9394587d42928b24e73793f75e0f https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9d37b48e4d5cd1b4acb8be5b826e12df.jpeg f8f137920ccce59004b404d176794dac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emancipation Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The commemorative works under the theme of "Emancipation" include two different types of monuments and memorials: those focused on the end of slavery in the United States through the Emancipation Proclamation, and memorials to emancipation and liberation movements in the Caribbean. The forms of the monuments and memorials range from figurative sculpture such as <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Redemption Song</a> in Kingston, Jamaica; a series of gateways at the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1214" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Camp Barker Memorial</a> located at Garrison Elementary School in Washington, DC; and the abstract forms of <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1162" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L'Arbre de la liberté</a> in Schoelcher, Martinique. Thomas Ball's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1223" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Freedmen's Memorial to Abraham Lincoln </a>(1876) as well as Meta Warrick Fuller's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1121" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Emancipation</a> (1913) are also included here as they represent early sculptural engagements with the theme in the United States. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including public art in Trinidad and Tobago, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Sint Maarten. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Entry portals: 126 in. (320.04 cm) Portal widths: 78 in. (198.12 cm) to 192 in. (502.92 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camp Barker Memorial (Washington, DC) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MacDonald, Katie, 1992- After Architecture Schumann, Kyle, 1992- After Architecture Bagwell, Vinnie, 1957- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Enslaved persons--Emancipation Fugitive slaves Public art Public sculpture Refugee camps--History--19th century United States Colored Troops United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Washington (D. C.) Subject (Object Type) Buildings and Structures Commemorative sculpture Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yun Associates, LLC (structural engineering); Garrison Elementary School (DC Public Schools) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2019 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Buildings and Structures Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Garrison Elementary School, 1200 S Street NW, Washington, DC, 20009, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. Entry portals: 126 in. (320.04 cm) Portal widths: 78 in. (198.12 cm) to 192 in. (502.92 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Charred wood; Brass Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Created by the architecture firm After Architecture (Katie MacDonald and Kyle Schumann), the memorial consists of three entry gatewaysthat serve as both functional entrances and commemorative spaces. Constructed from charred wood and lined with reflective brass, the portals feature bronze bas-relief panels by sculptor Vinnie Bagwell. These panels depict key figures and moments from African American history, including Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and the year 1862—the year of the District of Columbia Emancipation Act. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource DC Public Schools, 1200 First Street, NE, Washington, DC, 20002, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "Camp Barker Memorial, Washington, DC, United States, 2019." Architectonic. Accessed May 3, 2021. https://www.architonic.com/en/project/after-architecture-camp-barker-memorial/20076736. McDonald, Katie and Kyle Schumann. “Camp Barker Memorial: From Object to Urban Mediator.” Expanding the View: 109th Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Annual Meeting Proceedings, March 24-26, 2001. Accessed August 27, 2024. https://www.acsa-arch.org/chapter/camp-barker-memorial-from-object-to-urban-mediator/. Taylor, Sharine. “The Camp Barker Memorial Is a Sobering Look at America’s Past (and Present).” Azure, August 19, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2025. https://www.azuremagazine.com/article/the-camp-barker-memorial-is-a-sobering-look-at-americas-past-and-present/. Adinkra symbols bas-relief bronze Civil War wood