4 10 134 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/dc6552f089a8f073f878fa3309650f88.jpg fa4f19de999f8b4dfc99dd9ccd429b8c https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2469f2e8ad4cb00a8143f4245cd44c3c.jpg d1d0e5b5da2b0e4d72ba24e38ebfc198 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 56th United States Colored Infantry Monument (St. Louis, Missouri) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History Cemeteries--Missouri Missouri--St. Louis United States Colored Troops United States--Missouri--Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The marble obelisk, which stands on a square stone base, honors the memory of the 173 African American soldiers of the 56th United States Colored Infantry who died of cholera in August 1866. The soldiers were originally buried at the city's old quarantine hospital near the Mississippi River. In 1939, responding to the organizing efforts of local citizens, the War Department reburied the soldiers at the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. In the summer of 2014, the Veterans Administration, at the urging of local community members, placed a marker next to the obelisk that includes the names of the 118 soldiers of the 56th U.S. Colored Infantry who are buried at the site, plus 55 soldiers whose remains were never recovered. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 1936 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Members of the 56th United States Colored Infantry; Joseph E. Mitchell; Jacob Kuhl; War Department Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, 2900 Sheridan Rd, St. Louis, Missouri 63125, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on obelisk: To the memory of 175 non com. officers and privates of the 56. U.S.C. Infty. Died of cholera in August 1866. Bronze plaque on base of obelisk: 1863- 1866 56th U.S. Colored Infantry Their Memory Will Not Perish Brigadier General N. B. Buford July 27, 1864 This Monument and Remains Were Removed from Quarantine Station, M.O. By Authority of War Department Collaborating with Citizens Committee, And Dedicated May 1939 Joseph E. Mitchell, Chairman Bronze plaque added August 2014: Dedicated to the soldiers of the 56th Regiment U. S. Colored Troops who died of cholera while in transport along the Mississippi River and at St. Louis, Missouri, in summer 1866. In 1939, the remains of many of these soldiers , buried in the Koch Hpspital Cemetery, were reinterred here. A marble obelisk that was placed at the hospital cemetery was also moved here. The soldiers buried here are: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2469f2e8ad4cb00a8143f4245cd44c3c.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See photograph for list of names</a> Other soldiers in the same regiment who died while in transport along the Mississippi River and whose remains are unrecoverable are memorialized here: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2469f2e8ad4cb00a8143f4245cd44c3c.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See photograph for list of names</a> May They Rest in Peace. August 2014. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Marble; Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Leonard, Mary Delach. "African-American Union Army Soldiers Died on Their Way Home from War; Then History Lost Their Names." St. Louis Public Radio. Accessed January 23, 2019. https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/african-american-union-army-soldiers-died-their-way-home-war-then-history-lost-their-names#stream/0. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.stlpr.org/arts/2015-05-24/african-american-union-army-soldiers-died-on-their-way-home-from-war-then-history-lost-their-names#stream/0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">St. Louis National Public Radio</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Cemetery Administration, U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, United States Civil War granite inscription obelisk https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/7a209a02b934d468734c38e1d233cdd0.jpg cf3e22d46f30d9288228a02b2b1631ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The 29th Colored Regiment Monument (New Haven, Connecticut) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History Connecticut--New Haven Public art Public sculpture United States Colored Troops Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The memorial features a black granite obelisk, partially encircled by eight stone markers featuring the names of the members of the 29th Colored Regiments. The obelisk itself includes images and/or texts on all four sides. The west side features a bronze plaque with a bronze bas-relief that depicts soldiers carrying the flag of the 29th Regiment and the U. S. flag. The plaque also shows the unit’s dates of engagement and the names of those killed in battle or who died of disease. The south side of the obelisk gives a history of the regiment. The east side presents two photographs etched into the granite of Alexander H. Newton and Daniel S. Lathrop, the two members who achieved the unit’s highest rank of sergeant major. The north side includes the work’s dedicatory information. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hamilton, Ed, 1947- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 20, 2008 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Criscuolo Park, Chapel and James Streets, New Haven, Connecticut, 06513, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on the west face of the obelisk: The Connecticut Twenty-Ninth Colored Regiment C.V. Infantry Battle Engagements New Market Road-- October 13, 1864 Darbytown Road--October 13, 1864 Kell House/Fair Oaks-- October 27-28, 1864 Chaffins Farm-- September 29, 1864 Petersburg-- September 24, 1864 Richmond-- September 29, 1863 Officers died of disease: 1 Officer killed or mortally wounded: 1 Enlisted men killed or mortally wounded: 44 Enlisted men died of disease or accident: 152 Inscription on the south face of the obelisk: History of Regiment Recruiting for the 29th Regiment Connecticut Volunteers Colored began early in the autumn of 1863. Most of the men came to the regiment for training at a place called Grapevine Point now called Criscuolo Park. This part is located at East Chapel Street and James Street. The 29th Connecticut Infantry was organized at Fair Haven and mustered in on 8 March 1864. On this date, the regiment was formally mustered into the service of the United States. On March 4th LT. Colonel William B. Wooster, Formerly of the 20th Connecticut Volunteers assumed command of the regiment. On March 19th, the regiment formed in line, and after the presentation of a flag by the Colored Ladies of New Haven, marched on board the transport “Warrior”. On March 10th, the regiment sailed out of the New Harbor and disembarked an Annapolis, Maryland. Service Moved from Beaufort, SC to Bermuda Humored, VA 8-13 August 1864, Siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond 13 August 1864 to 2 April 1864. Inscription on the north face of the obelisk: Dedicated By the Descendants of the Connecticut 29th Colored Regiment C.V. Infantry 2008 Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Tedeschi, Bob. "An Honor for Troops Who Withstood Dishonor." New York Times, August 29, 2008. Accessed January 23, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/31/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/31colct.html. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/29th_Colored_Regiment_Monument#/media/File:29th_Colored_Infantry_Monument_Front1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikipedia</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Descendants of the Connecticut 29th Colored Regiment C.V. Infantry 2008 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arts, Culture & Tourism, City of New Haven, 165 Church Street, 2nd Floor, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, United States Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite bas-relief black granite Civil War inscription names obelisk https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/07e8d06b42dcd635d7893f98e3be2c35.jpg da1b4a35945d5615d44c53f4cac75845 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Soldiers Memorial (Danbury, Connecticut) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History Connecticut--Danbury Cemeteries--Connecticut United States Colored Troops Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Located in Wooster Cemetery, the black granite memorial, which resembles the adjacent grave markers, is dedicated to Black soldiers who served in the 29th and 30th Colored Regiments. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 21, 2007 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Wooster Cemetery, 20 Ellsworth Ave, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on the front of the memorial: Dedicated to the memory of the black soldiers of Greater Danbury who served in the 29th and 30th Regiments Conn. Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War 1861-1865. Above the inscription is an image of the Grand Army of the Republic medal. Inscription on the back of the memorial: 29th Conn Infantry Pvt James Adams • + Cpl Charles Aray • Pvt William Armstrong • Pvt William Avery • Cpl Allen Banks • Pvt Willis Banks • Pvt Joseph Barker • Cpl James Brewster • + Pvt Elbert Brown • Pvt Jerome Brown • Pvt Thomas Burr • Pvt Henry Butler • Cpl Joseph Butler • Sgt George Carpenter • Pvt John Carpenter • + Cpl Lewis Claggett • + Pvt John Colley • Pvt Hiram Cornell • Pvt Richard Deming • + Pvt Francis Dennis • Pvt Lewis Drake • Pvt Joseph Edwards • + Sgt James Evans • Pvt Henry Franklin • Pvt Sylvester Freeman • Pvt George Gaull • Cpl Isaac Gaull • Pvt Jeremiah Godfrey • Pvt George Green • Pvt John Hall • + Pvt Albert Halstead • Cpl George Halstead • + Pvt William Hammer • + Pvt James Hawley • Pvt Richard Heacock • Pvt Charles Jackson • Pvt Daniel Jackson • Cpl Henry Jackson • Pvt William Jackson• Pvt Cato Johnson • Pvt William Johnson • Pvt John Jones • + Pvt John Knapp • + Sgt William Morrison • Pvt Andrew Nash • + Pvt Theodore Nelson • Pvt Ezra Nichols • + Pvt Charles Overton • Sgt James Parker • Pvt Henry Pease • Pvt Chauncey Phillips • + Pvt Chester Phillips • Pvt Granville Phillips • Pvt Albert Pine • Cpl William Pine • Pvt Albert Prince • Pvt Henry Randolph • 1Sg Charles Richards • Pvt Matthew Rigby • Pvt John Scott • Pvt Tallman Simons • + Pvt John Smalley • Pvt Charles Smith • Cpl Martin Tallman • Cpl Charles Thomas • Cpl Edward Voorhies • Pvt John Watson • Pvt Robert West • Pvt John Weston • + Pvt Lafayette Williams 30th Conn Infantry Pvt Charles Clark • Pvt Granville Coy • + Cpl Mcalister Craig • Pvt Asa Franklin • + Pvt William Jemmison • Pvt Samuel Johnson • + Pvt Thomas Sherman • Pvt John Steadwell • Pvt John Wood 8th Conn Infantry + Pvt Philip Jacklin 2nd U.S.C.T. Pvt William Brooks 26th U.S.C.T. Pvt William Brown • Pvt George Dunbar • Pvt Milton Dunbar • Pvt Lewis Hines U.S. Navy Moses Blake • William Phillips • James Walter • George Washington 62nd NY Infantry Pvt Charles Dobbs + Died in Service to His Country Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=248825" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Historical Marker Database</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource City of Danbury; Wooster Cemetery Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Danbury, 155 Deer Hill Avenue, Danbury, Connecticut, 06810, United States black granite Civil War inscription https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/3d33891fdf86e182b98edac3c74ef7e9.jpg 2830a2fd6f6ca42b6d187550ac35c8d6 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cdbb9b1366b0b3294724a175c441ec88.jpg 650f532e72f5e07ce8a4258d4e07656b https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/81c94d49692d800a7d7fa7054e9112ad.jpg d1387564998ba1a03b348900408d3d1e https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ef293c9c334d9dff0008e3591fa6a615.jpg 6a6053438643c2c01c65555384c55006 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops Memorial Statue (Lexington Park, Maryland) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History Maryland--Lexington Park Public art Public sculpture United States Colored Troops Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The life-size bronze sculpture of a United States Colored Troop soldier, rifle held over his shoulder as he strides forward. The figure stand on 6-foot granite pedestal, which features two bronze plaques bearing a dedicatory inscription, as well as the names of the 700 Black soldiers from St. Mary’s County who fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. The plaque takes special care to note the three men from St. Mary’s County who received a Medal of Honor during the war. Two of the men, Sgt. William Barnes and Sgt. James Harris were members of the 38th Colored Troops. The third Medal of Honor recipient, a White man, was U.S. Navy Quarter Master Joseph Hayden. Just in front of the statue, is a placard with didactic information that describes the important role of African Americans during the Civil War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 16, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Idolia Shubrooks; Committee for Afro-American Contributions (UCAC); Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War; Maryland General Assembly Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant John G. Lancaster Park, 21550 Willows Road, Lexington Park, Maryland, 20653, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque on the front of the plinth: United States Colored Troops (USCT) This monument is dedicated in grateful tribute to the United States Colored Troops of St. Mary’s County. It honors medal of honor recipients, all Union Soldiers, and Sailors from Saint Mary’s County who served during the Civil War (1861-1865) Dedicated June 16, 2012 All honor and all glory to the emancipated slaves, freedmen, and all noble sons of St. Mary’s County who fought during the Civil War to save the Union and secure the heritage of human freedom. Includes list of names of the men who served from St. Mary's County. Information plaque at the memorial: African Americans have served in every war since the American Revolution. During the Civil War, more that 180,000 African Americans comprising 170 units served in the Union Army and 29,511 served in the Union Navy. Nearly 700 United States Colored Troops (USCT) from St. Mary’s County served in the war. The vast majority of Union soldiers from St. Mary’s County were of African descent. Muster rolls indicate USCT soldiers from the county enlisted not only in Maryland regiments, but in many regiments outside the state of Maryland and all across the country. At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, there were very few African Americans on the military rolls of the Union Army. The United States Navy continued to enlist Black seamen, but there was a quota and those who became regulars did menial labor. President Lincoln and his advisers believed that the regular Army and volunteers would be sufficient to win the war. Marylanders were divided over whether to remain loyal to the Union or support the Confederacy. White landowners in St. Mary’s County and other Southern Maryland counties aligned themselves with the Confederacy. Throughout the United States, African Americans were eager to enlist in the Union Army and saw southern Whites and their sympathizers as traitors who wanted to overthrow the government to perpetuate slavery. Prominent leaders including Frederic Douglass and Robert Smalls appealed to the federal government to change the military laws and allow African Americans to fight for their own freedom. The policy on enlisting African American soldiers changed as the war progressed. In July of 1862, Congress passed the Militia Act of 1862. It had become an “indispensable military necessity” to call on African American men to help save the Union. On September 27, 1862, the first regiment to become a USCT regiment was brought into the Union Army. After January 1, 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, the War Department authorized the recruiting of African American soldiers. Recruitment efforts intensified and slave owners were offered monetary compensation for releasing enslaved men to enlist. By the end of 1863, General Ulysses S. Grant viewed the African American soldier as a “powerful ally.” President Lincoln made it clear to military authorities and citizens alike that African American soldiers were to be accorded the rights and privileges of bearing arms in support of the Union Army. Both freemen and slaves joined the fight. In spite of harsh conditions and inadequate supplies, these soldiers went on to participate in some of the most important and brutal battles of the war. African Americans proved themselves as reputable soldiers many times over, yet discrimination in pay and other areas remained widespread. The bravery, courage and skill demonstrated by these soldiers attested to their determination to prove themselves not just as soldiers but as individuals and as a race. When the liberated received the chance to become liberators, they fought hard and many lost their lives to uphold the virtues of freedom and equality. Text drawn from sources including curriculum developed for the Maryland Department of Education by Reginald Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture. On the Home Front Families of African American soldiers often suffered hardships as well. Women and children left behind frequently had to shoulder extra work loads and responsibilities and in some cases may have received harsh treatment from resentful slave holders. Letters from soldiers who faced danger on the battlefield were full of pride and faith in their cause and were treasured by their loved ones at home. (Photo of a Union soldier and his family, courtesy of The Library of Congress) “My dear girl, I hope again to see you. I must bid you farewell should I be killed. Remember, if I die, I die in a good cause. I wish we had a hundred thousand colored troops … We would put an end to this war.” From The Mind of the Negro as reflected in Letters Written during the Crisis: 1800-1860. Carter G. Woodson, ed. 1926. Men of Valor Sergeant James H. Harris (photo) The Civil War experiences of Maryland’s African American soldiers in general and, in particular, those from St. Mary’s County were plagued by discrimination and hardship. But, by the time the last bullets were fired and all the dust had settled, the exertions and accomplishments of these tried and proven men represented a critical step towards the greater goal of social equality for which they struggled and fought. (Brennan Davis) St. Mary’s County produced two USCT Civil War Congressional Medal of Honor recipients, Private (later Sergeant) William H. Barnes and Sergeant James H. Harris. Both were enlisted in the 38th United States Colored Infantry Regiment organized in Virginia. They were cited for their gallantry in the Battle of New Market Heights in Virginia, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm. This battle was fought September 29-30 in 1864. Slavery was abolished in Maryland with the 1864 State Constitution. After the War Many former USCT soldiers had difficulty obtaining pensions and receiving recognition after the war. However, veterans in some parts of the country were able to become state and national political leaders and often played active roles in their local communities as well. In St. Mary’s County, veterans became teachers, ministers, and business owners. Galilee United Methodist Church in Oakville and St. Lukes United Methodist Church in Ridge were founded by veterans. Although Galilee Church no longer exists, the cemetery remains, and USCT soldiers are buried at the site. St. Luke’s continues as an active congregation. Today, many St. Mary’s County residents are proud descendants of those who served in the USCT. (Photos of St. Luke’s Methodist Church in Ridge and Galilee Cemetery in Oakville) A Granddaughter’s Mission Idolia Shubrooks worked for over 20 years to make the United States Colored Troops Memorial Monument a reality. It became her personal mission after finding her grandfather’s history with the USCT muster papers. She researched her grandfather’s history with the USCT and worked with the Unified Committee for Afro-American Contributions and Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War to educate the community about this vital part of our forgotten local heritage. The completed project creates a legacy which serves to share and preserve our history for future generations. The vision for this monument grew out of the day that Idolia Shubrooks discovered her grandfather Alexander Armstrong’s USCT muster papers in a keepsake box. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Jacqui Atkielski. "Monument Honoring St. Mary's Veterans Was a Labor of Love." Southern Maryland Newspapers Online. Accessed January 23, 2019. https://www.somdnews.com/bonus/memorial_day/monument-honoring-st-mary-s-veterans-was-a-labor-of/article_6099e2e1-0bdc-5095-9593-812d4e040f15.html. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Casteel, Gary , 1946- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater, 2012 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. Mary's County Maryland, 41770 Baldridge Street, Leonardtown, Maryland, 20650, United States bronze Civil War figurative granite names https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/66f9b1d701996888feaa58fe133bcef4.jpg e0045fe3e58d69c6475f722db769259d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colored Soldiers Monument (Frankfort, Kentucky) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History Cemeteries--Kentucky Kentucky--Frankfort United States Colored Troops Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The ten-foot limestone pillar was dedicated to 142 United States Colored Troop soldiers from Franklin County, Kentucky, who fought in the Civil War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 4, 1924 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Women’s Relief Corps No. 8 of the Grand Army of the Republic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Green Hill Cemetery, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on the front of the limestone pillar: Erected by Woman's Relief Corp No. 8 *G. A. R.* July 1924 In Memory of the Colored Soldiers Franklin Co., KY Who Fought in the Civil War 1861-1865 The other three sides of the monument list the names of 142 African American soldiers. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 120 in. (304.8 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Limestone Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Talbott, Tim. "Kentucky African American Civil War Memorial." Kentucky Historical Society. Accessed January 23, 2019. https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/191. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Kentucky African American Civil War Memorial Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colored_Soldiers_Monument_in_Frankfort#/media/File:Colored_Soldiers_Monument_in_Frankfort_1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikipedia</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource State of Kentucky, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, United States Civil War columns inscription names https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9ffbbe57b8ff58336d70a1eaae58679e.jpg f6467947ec45b2a9e58a984bad247900 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monument to the 26th Regiment United States Colored Infantry (Ithaca, New York) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History New York--Ithaca Public sculpture United States Colored Troops Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Polished black granite in the shape of an upright headstone with an arched top, is dedicated to the memory of the twenty-six men of the 26th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops who enlisted between 1863 and 1864 at the St. James A.M.E. Zion Church, Ithaca, New York. The work includes an etched image of two United States Colored Troops soldiers, as well as the names of men who enlisted. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant St. James A.M.E. Zion Church, 116 Cleveland Avenue, Ithaca, New York, 14850, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on front of the black granite: Dedicated to the 26 Soldiers of the 26th Regiment United States Colored Infantry Who Enlisted Between Dec. 3, 1863 and Feb. 18, 1864 At St. James A.M.E. Zion Church, Ithaca, NY To Fight for God and Liberty. Henry W. Adams • Henry Allen • Morgan E. Dennis • Isaac Desmond • Sylvester T. Dorsey • Henry L. Green • Jacob Guess • George W. Guinn • Daniel Johnson • Jacob Johnson • George E. Jones • Thomas McChesney • George A. Richardson • John R. Ross • Henry Selby • Charles S. Shaw • Alonzo Smith • Henry Smith • James E. L. Smith • John Smith • John F. Smith • Joseph B. Smith • Edward Sorrell • John Sorrell • John Tyler • Zacharial Tyler Organized at Riker's Island, New York Harbor, Feb. 27, 1864. Ordered to Dept. of the South, April, 1864. Served at Beaufort, SC. The Unit was discharged at Brownsville, Texas on Aug. 18, 1865. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marker_dedicated_to_the_26th_Regiment_of_the_U.S._Colored_Infantry_in_the_Civil_War.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 black granite Civil War inscription names https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/47810cfb0e2a79246063789ed6d08cb0.jpg c42a1cf65cbbfff3004d0a32118b307f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emancipation Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The commemorative works under the theme of "Emancipation" include two different types of monuments and memorials: those focused on the end of slavery in the United States through the Emancipation Proclamation, and memorials to emancipation and liberation movements in the Caribbean. The forms of the monuments and memorials range from figurative sculpture such as <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Redemption Song</a> in Kingston, Jamaica; a series of gateways at the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1214" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Camp Barker Memorial</a> located at Garrison Elementary School in Washington, DC; and the abstract forms of <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1162" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L'Arbre de la liberté</a> in Schoelcher, Martinique. Thomas Ball's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1223" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Freedmen's Memorial to Abraham Lincoln </a>(1876) as well as Meta Warrick Fuller's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1121" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Emancipation</a> (1913) are also included here as they represent early sculptural engagements with the theme in the United States. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including public art in Trinidad and Tobago, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Sint Maarten. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 84 in. (213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emancipation (Boston, Massachusetts) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fuller, Meta Warrick, 1877-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Allegory (art) Emancipation Proclamation--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation Freedom Massachusetts--Boston Public art Public sculpture Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Originally created in 1913 for the National Emancipation Exposition in New York City, the multi-figure sculpture is anchored around a truncated tree that reaches over the heads of the three human figures. The tree is roughly realized, and Fuller’s hand is evident in the surface treatment. At the center of the composition, a young woman and man stand upright and are seminude. The couple emerge from the “Tree of Knowledge.” Behind the male figure, the female figure of “Humanity,” clothed in a gown, bows her head and rests it on her raised left arm. She gently rests her right hand on the young man’s shoulder. The bronze cast was made in 1999. Two inscriptions were added to granite base of the monument in 2013. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 20, 1999 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource CBA Landscape Architects, Boston, Massachusetts; United South End Settlements, Boston, Massachusetts; New England Foundation for the Arts, Boston, Massachusetts; The George B. Henderson Foundation and The Edgar Ingersoll Browne Fund, Boston, Massachusetts; and Boston Parks and Recreation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Center of Afro-American Artists, 300 Walnut Street, Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States and The Museum of Afro-American History, 46 Joy Street, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harriet Tubman Park, Columbus Avenue and Pembrook Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02116, United States Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1913 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on granite base (1999): Emancipation, 1913. In honor of African American freed persons who by their courage and valor gave meaning to emancipation. Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, (1877-1968) sculptor. Courtesy of The Museum of the National Center for Afro-American Artists and the Museum of Afro-American History. Inscription on granite base (2013): “Humanity weeping over her suddenly freed children who beneath the gnarled fingers of Fate, step forth into the world, unafraid.” Meta Warrick Fuller Inscription on granite base (2013): “The Negro has been emancipated from slavery but not from the curse of race hatred and prejudice. . . It was not Lincoln alone who wrote the Emancipation but the humane side of the nation . . .” Meta Warrick Fuller Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Pink granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ater, Renée. Remaking Race and History: The Sculpture of Meta Warrick Fuller. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Extent The size or duration of the resource. 84 in. (213.36 cm) allegory bronze figurative granite trees https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/91fe9f6c3146000c29633aa2e7893a9f.jpg a39b736a88c49d6001747cc3733ef266 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8167c9f26a5a52ac6ff99320a4f8944b.jpg cf131b4c53b9f51be7224bac52ceca77 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/6a1c6ac6dd9c3004afe33617e82a8079.jpg 16280465cf6ca1090e06be70fea3a3ef https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8df8ab2d4d95eb031abf60466b382e21.jpg 8dc7c7f88e9cf710b6ea67519cccb85a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 168 in. (426.72 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amistad Memorial (New Haven, Connecticut) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Amistad Mutiny Antislavery movements--United States Connecticut--New Haven Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slave insurrections Slavery--United States Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Name) Pieh, Sengbe (Joseph Cinque), ca. 1814-ca. 1879 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The Amistad Memorial centers around a large bronze triangular prism adorned with sculptural reliefs, depicting scenes from the life of Sengbe Pieh. In 1839 Pieh led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad. The Amistad was seized off the coast of Long Island, NY, by the US brig, Washington and the Africans on board were imprisoned on charges of murder. The case went to the US Supreme Court, where Pieh and his fellow Africans were found to have rightfully defended themselves as they were free individuals, having been kidnapped and transported illegally. The memorial stands on the site of the New Haven jail, where Pieh and the other Amistad Africans were held during their trials. The three sides of the sculpture depict the life of Pieh: the first side shows him as a young man in Africa; the second side depicts his court trials, and the third side shows Pieh after he won his freedom. A fourth side of the sculpture, only visible from the upper floors of City Hall, includes images of disembodied hands emerging from ocean waves, a reminder of the thousands who perished during the Middle Passage. Pieh's famous courtroom statement, "make us free" is inscribed on the work’s granite base. The memorial rests atop a squared platform, which was inserted into a purpose-built recessed space added to City Hall during a 1990 renovation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hamilton, Ed, 1947- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 18, 1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Amistad Committee, Inc. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New Haven City Hall, 165 Church Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on base: This monument is a memorial to the 1839 Amistad Revolt and its leader, Sengbe Pieh, also known as Joseph Cinque. Sengbe Pieh was one of the millions of Africans kidnapped from their homes and transported in bondage to the Americas. Sold into slavery in Cuba, he and forty-eight other men, and four children were bound aboard the schooner La Amistad. During a storm, Sengbe Pieh successfully freed himself and his fellows. The Africans seized the ship, but their offers to steer La Amistad homeward were thwarted. After futile weeks at sea, they were captured off Long Island by the U.S.S. Washington. Inscription on base: On this site, the Amistad Africans were jailed awaiting trial for piracy and murder. To aid their struggle for freedom, the Amistad Committee formed, counting in its number ministers Simeon Jocelyn, Joshua Leavitt, and James Pennington; merchant Lewis Tappan; professor Josiah Gibbs; and lawyer Roger Baldwin. The Africans were tried twice prior to their ultimate triumph before the United States Supreme Court, where former President John Quincy Adams courageously defended them. Sengbe Pieh and his fellows were declared Free Persons. Inscription on base: "Make Us Free" The Africans sought to return home. To raise funds for their voyage and to further the anti-slavery cause, they engaged in a series of speaking tours. In 1841, after a sojourn that profoundly influenced the abolitionist movement, they set sail, free at last. To commemorate the heroism of the Amistad Africans and those who shared in their quest for freedom, the 1989 Amistad Committee commissioned his sculpture by Ed Hamilton and dedicated it on September 26, 1992. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 168 in. (426.72 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Hernandez, Esteban. "New Haven to Celebrate 175th Anniversary of Amistad, the Slave Ship that Led to Freedom." New Haven Register, March 5, 2016. Accessed April 12, 2019. https://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/New-Haven-to-celebrate-175th-anniversary-of-11338269.php. Macaluso, Laura A. Art of the Amistad and The Portrait of Cinqué. American Association of State and Local History Book Series, 2016. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Department of Arts, Culture, and Tourism, City of New Haven, 165 Church Street, 6th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, United States bird black granite book bronze figurative inscription portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/990388eb5485a0a89742679dfd40fb43.jpg bc0d77466d6e9e70810b5e884ded5097 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ea88baa982fcb598efa1609690387907.jpg 99b3021c37bef8fd7ae651e3caab1b1a https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1cd1d9fd3f817df457740a2b3c439d43.jpg 016363d3c30a7d4d57ed3fae19071563 https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ba1de0d10afc11fa79b95f2e0b66ff25.jpg b0a6c82a80c8b1fe10065ba5ab43f9ef https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/96f653f0e5edd84308deddb90f203db4.jpg 040f1672e7a3992d8ede8d40be99daed https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e2940d7ec142b271adf411d20be51a56.jpeg 964a78a0ee72856e7b2dbd47a44246be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 120 in. (304.8 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edmonson Sisters Memorial (Alexandria, Virginia) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation Freedom Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slavery--Virginia Transatlantic slave trade Virginia--Alexandria Subject (Name) Edmonson, Mary, 1832–1853 Edmonson, Emily, 1835–1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Two young women emerge from a large rocky outcrop, their hands clasped tightly as they stride forward. The over life-sized work depicts the abolitionists and former enslaved sisters, Mary and Emily Edmonson. The statue is located on the site of the former Joseph Bruin’s slave jail, where the sisters were held after a failed attempt to escape from Washington, DC in 1848 on the ship Pearl. On the back of the sculpture is an etching of the ship and the word "Pearl." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Blome, Erik, 1967- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 25, 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Carr Development Corporation and The City of Alexandria Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Edmonson Plaza, 1701 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. 120 in. (304.8 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on the work's base: The Edmonson Sisters Erik Blome Sculptor © 2010 Assisted by C. Blome On the obverse of the memorial, Blome included a low relief of the schooner, Pearl. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Alexandria, 301 King Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Heid, Markham. "Alexandria Dedicats Sculpture Honoring Edmonson Sisters." Washington Examiner, June 24, 2010. Accessed May 27, 2020. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/alexandria-dedicates-sculpture-honoring-edmonson-sisters. Blome, Erick. "The Edmonson Sisters." Erick Blome-Sculptor. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://www.erikblome.com/edmonson-sisters. Ater, Renée. "The Memory of Slavery in the Urban Landscape of Alexandria Virginia." In Traces and Memories of Slavery in the Atlantic World, eds. Lawrence Ajé and Nicolas Gachon, 215-232. Routledge, 2020. bronze figurative portrait https://mail.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/515e196c66f8a9369082c72c52976661.jpg 0d7fbc2d150deaa6805eb394de8f4e14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Bronze statue: 84 in. (213.36 cm) Granite base: 44 ¾ x 59 in. (113.67 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Denmark Vesey Monument (Charleston, South Carolina) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slave insurrections--South Carolina--Charleston Slavery--South Carolina South Carolina--Charleston Subject (Name) Vesey, Denmark, 1767-1822 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The work is dedicated to Denmark Vesey, a carpenter and self-educated Black man who planned one of the most extensive slave revolts in US history in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. Vesey, elegantly dressed in a collared jacket, trousers, and an exceedingly long and slim cravat, is shown holding his carpentry bag, his hat, and his Bible. The figure stands atop a massive granite pedestal that is inscribed on two sides with biographical and historical information about Vesey and his vital contributions to the fight for the emancipation of Black people. In May 2021, the base of the statue was vandalized. After months-long restoration, the statue and base was restored to its place in Hampton Park in March 2022. James C. Meadors, owner of Meadors, Inc., donated the new granite base and additional restoration work needed for the sculpture. See https://abcnews4.com/news/local/denmark-vesey-statue-back-in-hampton-park-after-vandalism-months-long-restoration-wciv. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dwight, Ed, 1933- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 8, 2014 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Denmark Vesey and the Spirit of Freedom Monument Committee: Curtis J. Franks, Henry E. Darby, Dr. Wilmot A. Fraser, Ellen Dresser Moryl; Dr. Bernard Powers, Marion Welch, Donald West, Dorothy Wright; City of Charleston; Charleston County Council Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Hampton Park, 30 Mary Murray Drive, Charleston, South Carolina, 29403, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on front of black granite plinth: Denmark Vesey Slave Rebellion Organizer Born Circa 1767-July 2, 1822 Denmark Vesey, previously named Telemaque, was born either in Africa or on the Caribbean island of St. Thomas. At the age of 14, he was purchased by the slave trader Captain Joseph Vesey and transported to the French Colony of St. Domingue, where the young African was sold along with 389 other slaves. Claimed to be suffering from epilepsy by his new owner, Denmark was returned to Captain Vesey. The young man accompanied Captain Vesey on many trading voyages as part of the crew. In 1873, immediately after the American Revolution, Captain Vesey relocated to Charleston, South Carolina, where Denmark continued to serve him for approximately another 17 years. In 1799, however, Denmark won $1,500 in the East Bay Street Lottery in Charleston and purchased his freedom for $600. Denmark Vesey was a highly skilled carpenter and well known within free black and slave society. According to his contemporaries, he harbored frustration at his inability to legally free his wife and children. His antislavery sentiments may have received a wider audience when in 1818 enslaved and free black Charlestonians established a branch of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church where he served as a church leader. Vesey envisioned a community where all would be free , but recently planned state legislation of 1820 made legal emancipation of slaves nearly impossible. Furthermore, municipal authorities repeated attacks on the AME Church convinced Vesey slavery was such a violation of God's law that rebellion was necessary to obtain liberty. He placed his own life at risk as he dared to plan to recruit others to achieve the goal of freedom. Inscription on back of black granite plinth: Denmark Vesey Vesey and his lieutenants "Gullah" Jack Pritchard, Peter Poyas, and Monday Gell developed a plan for a revolt, which may have involved thousands of followers. Their war of liberation was originally planned for July 14, 1822, and called for conspirators to seize weapons and set fires around the city. Once reinforced by rural slaves, as many as possible were to escape to Haiti where African people had already abolished slavery and formed an independent nation. According to Congregational minister and abolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson, the plan was "the most elaborate insurrectionary project ever formed by American slaves." When two slaves informed the authorities of the plot, the conspirators tried to move the date to June 16, but their plan failed. Arrests and trials followed and beginning on July 2, 1822, two days before Independence Day, Vesey and 34 of his compatriots were hanged. This figure represents the greatest number of slave conspiracy-related executions in American history. 37 were banished, most outside the United States, and four whites were briefly fined and incarcerated for for sympathizing with the conspirators. To strenghten security, officials demolished the AME Church, and the state legislature imposed rigorous new laws, including the Negro Seaman Act subjecting free black sailors from outside the state to arrest when their ships docked in Carolina ports. Free black men were required to have white guardians, and those who left the state were barred from returning. By the mid-1820s, the city fortified itself with an arsenal and barracks. In 1842, the Military College of South Carolina, now known as the "The Citadel," was established on that same site. Despite the daunting opposition, Vesey's Spirit and liberating vision did not die. He became an inspiring symbol of freedom for later abolitionists including David Walker, John Brown, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. His resolve demonstrates the timeless universality of men and women's desire for freedom and justice irrespective of race, creed, condition, or color. Round sign on side of black granite plinth: Charleston Stories Hear Denmark Vesey here Completing the Story: Bringing a Community Together www.charlestonstories.org History calls back Extent The size or duration of the resource. Statue: 84 in. (213.36 cm) Base: 44 ¾ x 59 in. (113.67 x 149.86 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Roberts, Blain and Ethan J. Kytle. "Looking the Thing in the Face: Slavery, Race, and the Commemorative Landscape in Charleston, South Carolina, 1865-2010." The Journal of Southern History 78, issue 3 (August 2012): 639-684. Parker, Adam. "Denmark Vesey Monument Unveiled before Hundreds." Post and Courier, February 14, 2014. Accessed April 12, 2019. https://www.postandcourier.com/features/arts_and_travel/denmark-vesey-monument-unveiled-before-hundreds/article_35622532-8a45-5060-a819-0e33a47c8a20.html. Wright, Deborah and Daron Calhoun. "Remember Denmark Vesey of Charleston!" Avery Messenger (Summer 2014): 6-8. Accessed May 27, 2020. https://avery.cofc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/messenger_springsummer2014.pdf. Dykens, Sarah Katherine. "Commemoration and Controversy: The Memorialization of Denmark Vesey in Charleston, South Carolina." M.S. thesis. Clemson University and College of Charleston, 2015. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Izetta Autumn Mobley Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Charleston, 80 Broad Street, Charleston, South Carolina, 29401, United States Bible black granite bronze figurative inscription portrait